Mhando dzakasiyana dzeMachining Operations
Munguva yekugadzirwa kwechikamu, akasiyana machining mashandiro uye maitiro anodiwa kuti abvise yakawandisa zvinhu. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa zvemagetsi uye zvinosanganisira kucheka maturusi, mavhiri abrasive, uye discs, nezvimwewo. Machining Operations anogona kuitwa pa stock mill shapes senge mabara uye flats kana anogona kuurayiwa pane zvikamu zvakaitwa nekare kugadzira nzira sekukanda kana welding. Nekufambira mberi kwemazuva ano kwekuwedzera kwekugadzira, machining akanonoka kunyorwa se "kubvisa" maitiro ekutsanangura kutora kwawo zvinhu kuti aite chikamu chakapedzwa.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeMachining Operations
Maviri ekutanga machining maitiro ari kutendeuka nekugaya - anotsanangurwa pazasi. Mamwe maitiro dzimwe nguva akafanana neaya maitiro kana anoitwa nemidziyo yakazvimirira. Chibooreso, semuenzaniso, chinogona kuisirwa palatheti inoshandiswa kutenderedza kana kuchekwa muchina wekudhirowa. Pane imwe nguva, musiyano waigona kuitwa pakati pokutenderera, apo chikamu chinotenderera, uye kugaya, apo mudziyo unotenderera. Izvi zvakati piriviri nekuuya kwenzvimbo dzemachining uye nzvimbo dzekuchinjisa dzinokwanisa kuita mabasa ese emuchina mumwe nemumwe muchina mumwe chete.
Kutendeuka
Kutendeuka inzira yekugadzira inoitwa nelathe; iyo lathe inotenderera workpiece sezvo midziyo yekucheka inofamba ichipfuura nayo. Zvishandiso zvekucheka zvinoshanda pamwe chete nematemo maviri ekufambisa kugadzira kucheka nekudzika kwakanyatso uye nehupamhi. Lathes anowanikwa mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana, yechinyakare, yemanyorero mhando, uye otomatiki, CNC mhando.Maitiro ekutendeuka anogona kuitwa kunze kwekunze kana mukati mechinhu. Kana ikaitwa mukati, inozivikanwa se "boring" -iyi nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira tubular components.Chimwe chikamu chekushandura chinonzi "kutarisana" uye chinoitika apo chidimbu chekucheka chinofamba nechekumucheto kweworkpiece - inowanzoitwa panguva yekutanga uye yekupedzisira nhanho yekutendeuka. Kutarisana kunogona kuiswa chete kana lathe iine yakashongedzerwa muchinjikwa-slide. Yaimbogadzira datum pachiso chekukandira kana chimiro che stock chiri perpendicular kune inotenderera axis.
Lathes inowanzoonekwa seimwe yemhando nhatu dzakasiyana-siyana - turret lathes, injini lathes, uye yakakosha chinangwa lathes. Engine lathes ndiyo yakajairika mhando inowanikwa mukushandiswa ne general machinist kana hobbyist. Turret Lathes uye yakakosha chinangwa lathes inonyanya kushandiswa kune maapplication anoda kudzokorora kugadzirwa kwezvikamu. Iyo turret lathe inoratidzira chibatiso chinogonesa muchina kuita akati wandei ekucheka mashandiro achitevedzana pasina kukanganiswa kubva kune anoshanda. Special chinangwa lathes zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, disc uye madhiramu lathes, ayo garaji remotokari raizoshandisa kutarisisa nzvimbo dzemabhureki.
CNC chigayo-chekutenderedza nzvimbo dzinosanganisa misoro nemuswe masherufu echinyakare lathes nemamwe ma spindle axes kuti agone kugonesa machining ezvikamu zvine inotenderera symmetry (mapombi epombi, semuenzaniso) akasanganiswa nekugona kweguyo kugadzira zvinhu zvakaomarara. Macurve akaomesesa anogona kugadzirwa nekutenderedza workpiece kuburikidza nearc sezvo chigayo chekucheka chinofamba nenzira yakaparadzana, maitiro anozivikanwa se5 axis machining.
Kuboora/Kufinha/Kudzora
Kuchera kunogadzira maburi e cylindrical mumidziyo yakasimba uchishandisa zvibooreso-ndiyo imwe yeakakosha machining maitiro sezvo maburi anogadzirwa anowanzo kuitirwa kubatsira mukuungana. Muchina wekudhiraivha unowanzoshandiswa asi mabhiti anogona kuchekwa kuita lathes zvakare. Mumabasa mazhinji ekugadzira, kuchera inhanho yekutanga kugadzira maburi apera, ayo anozotepwa, anodzokororwa, akafinhwa, nezvimwewo kugadzira maburi akaiswa shinda kana kuunza maburi mukati mezvibvumirano zvinogamuchirika. Drill bits kazhinji inocheka makomba akakura kupfuura saizi yavo yezita uye maburi ayo asina kutwasanuka kana kutenderera nekuda kwekuchinjika kwebhiti uye maitiro ayo ekutora nzira yekushomeka kushomeka. Nechikonzero ichi, kuchera kunowanzo kutsanangurwa undersize uye kuteverwa neimwe machining oparesheni inotora gomba kunze kwaro rakapera dimension.
Kunyange zvazvo kuchera uye kufinha kunowanzovhiringidzika, kufinha kunoshandiswa kunatsiridza zviyero uye kunyatsoita kwegomba rakacherwa. Michina inobhowa inouya mune akati wandei zvichienderana nehukuru hwebasa racho. Chigayo chakatwasuka chinobhowa chinoshandiswa kuchina chakakura kwazvo, chinorema kukanda uko basa rinotendereka uku chigayo chinofinha chichibatwa chakamira. Horizontal boring mills uye jig borers vanobata basa rakamira uye kutenderedza mudziyo wekucheka. Boring inoitwawo palathe kana munzvimbo yekugadzira machining. Mucheki anofinha anowanzo shandisa poindi imwe chete kumichina padivi pegomba, achibvumira chishandiso kuita zvakaomarara pane dhiri. Makomba ane cored mucastings anowanzopedzwa nekufinha.
Kugaya
Kugaya kunoshandisa macheki anotenderera kuti abvise zvinhu, kusiyana nekushandura mashandiro uko chishandiso hachitenderere. Michina yekugaya yechinyakare inoratidzira matafura anofambiswa ayo akaiswa maworkpiece. Pamichina iyi, maturusi ekucheka akamira uye tafura inofambisa zvinhu kuti zvichekwa zviitwe. Mamwe marudzi emashini ekugaya anoratidza zvese tafura uye maturusi ekucheka semidziyo inofambiswa.
Maviri makuru ekugadzira milling ndeye slab milling uye face milling. Slab milling inoshandisa mativi emupendero echigayo chekucheka kugadzira planar kucheka pamusoro penzvimbo yebasa. Makiyi mu shaft anogona kutemwa uchishandisa yakafanana cutter asi imwe yakatetepa kupfuura yakajairwa slab cutter. Vanocheka kumeso panzvimbo pacho vanoshandisa kupera kweguyo. Special cutters anowanikwa kune akasiyana mabasa, akadai sebhora-mhino yekucheka ayo anogona kushandiswa kukuya homwe dzakakombama-madziro.
Mamwe maoparesheni anokwanisa kuitwa nemuchina wekugaya anosanganisira kuronga, kucheka, kubheta, kupinza, kufa-kunyura, zvichingodaro, kuita muchina wekugaya chimwe chezvimedu zvinochinjika zvemidziyo muchitoro chemuchina.
Kune mhando ina dzemichina yekugaya - muchina wekugaya nemaoko, muchina wekugaya, universal milling machine, uye universal milling machines - uye iwo anoisa angave akachinjika kucheka kana kucheka akaiswa paaxis yakatwasuka. Sezvinotarisirwa, muchina wekugayo wepasirese unobvumira zvese zvakamira uye zvakachinjika zvakamisikidzwa zvekucheka maturusi, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yeakanyanya kuoma uye anochinjika michina yekugaya inowanikwa.
Sezvinoita nzvimbo dzekuchinjisa, michina yekugaya inokwanisa kugadzira nhevedzano yemashandiro pane imwe nzvimbo pasina kupindira kwevashandisi inowanzoitika uye inowanzodaidzwa kunzi vertical and horizontal machining centers. Ivo vanogara vachienderana neCNC.
