Corrosion Resistant Alloy
Iwo makuru alloying zvinhu imhangura, chromium uye molybdenum. Iyo ine yakanaka yakazara zvivakwa uye inoshingirira kune akasiyana siyana acid corrosion uye kusagadzikana corrosion. Kushandiswa kwekutanga (kunogadzirwa muUnited States muna 1905) ndeye nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) alloy, inozivikanwawo seMonel alloy (Monel alloy Ni 70 Cu30); uyezve, nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy (ndiko kuti, nickel-based heat-resistant alloy) , inodzivirira kupisa-inodzivirira marara mumagetsi anodzivirira kupisa), nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo) alloys (kunyanya inoreva Hastelloy B akatevedzana), nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys (kunyanya inoreva Hastelloy C akatevedzana), nezvimwe.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nickel yakachena zvakare inomiririra nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys. Aya ma<em>nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys anonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvezvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzivirira nharaunda sepetroleum, makemikari, uye simba remagetsi.
Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys kazhinji ane austenite chimiro. Mumamiriro ekugadzirisa kwakasimba uye kurapwa kwekukwegura, kunewo intermetallic phases uye metal carbonitrides pane austenite matrix uye miganhu yezviyo zvealloy. Akasiyana-siyana anodzivirira corrosion alloys akaiswa zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvawo uye hunhu hwawo hwakaita seanotevera:
Iyo corrosion resistance yeNi-Cu alloy iri nani pane iyo nickel mukudzikisa svikiro, uye kushora kwayo kuri nani pane iyo yemhangura mune oxidizing medium. Iyo yakanakisa zvinhu zveasidhi (ona Metal Corrosion).
Ni-Cr alloy iriwo nickel-based heat-resistant alloy; inonyanya kushandiswa mune oxidizing yepakati mamiriro. Iyo inoshingirira kune yakanyanya tembiricha oxidation uye corrosion yemagasi ane sarufa uye vanadium, uye kushora kwayo kunowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo chromium. Aya ma alloys anewo kumira kwakanaka kune hydroxide (yakadai seNaOH, KOH) corrosion uye kusagadzikana corrosion resistance.
Ni-Mo alloys anonyanya kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro ekudzikisa pakati corrosion. Ndiyo imwe yeakanakisa alloys yekushorwa kwe hydrochloric acid, asi pamberi peokisijeni uye oxidants, corrosion resistance inoderera zvakanyanya.
Iyo Ni-Cr-Mo(W) alloy ine zvimiro zveiyo yataurwa pamusoro apa Ni-Cr alloy uye Ni-Mo alloy. Inonyanya kushandiswa pasi pemamiriro e-oxidation-kuderedza yakasanganiswa svikiro. Ma alloys akadaro ane good corrosion resistance in high tembiricha hydrogen fluoride, mu hydrochloric acid uye hydrofluoric acid zvinogadzirisa zvine okisijeni uye oxidants, uye munyoro chlorine gasi pakamuri tembiricha. Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu alloy inokwanisa kurwisa zvese nitric acid uye sulfuric acid corrosion, uye zvakare ine yakanaka corrosion resistance mune mamwe oxidative-reductive musanganiswa asidhi.